Everything You Need to Know About Commas for the ACT

All that You Need to Know About Commas for the ACT SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips No one prefers commas: they're unusual and confounding and potentially trivial. My sibling chose to blacklist them altogether in his senior year of secondary school, leaving his rundowns running together and his appositives indistinct. Indeed, even veteran duplicate editors some of the time battle with where precisely to put these castigated accentuation marks. Indeed, even so,if you need to succeedon the ACT English, you'll need to figure out how to expertly utilize commas. Fortunately there is a genuinely restricted arrangement of comma rulesyou'llneed to know for the ACT. Be that as it may, before we get into the quick and dirty specialized stuff, we should set up one significant guideline. Here's an outline of what we're going to cover: The Single Most Important Rule About Commas 4 Key Rules for Comma Use on the ACT When NOT to Use a Comma Practice Questions If all else fails, Leave It Out! This is the absolute most significant guideline to remember when managing commas on the ACT: in the event that you aren't sure on the off chance that you need a comma, you presumably needn't bother with a comma. Truth be told, you're undeniably bound to miss an inquiry on the grounds that youadd inan unnecessarycomma than you are to miss one since you forgot about a significant comma. Investigate the accompanying ACT questions: In spite of the fact that it might be enticing to leavea comma after worth or put one after authorities, the sentence is totally clear without either: Nevertheless, these tests persuaded the authorities of the estimation of utilizing the Navajo language in a code. (H is along these lines the right decision.) This guideline holds forthe next model also: Work this sentence out without any commas and you get Maybe this inheritance of letters clarifies what she implied when she said that her companions were her 'domain.' Again, it bodes well without either comma, so D is the right decision. Lamentably as much as possible simply quit utilizing commas inside and out, there are sure occasions that they're vital. The accompanying four guidelines will enable you to decide when and where you have to put commas. A case of an incredibly indispensable comma. 4 Key Rules for Comma Use on the ACT The fundamental motivation behind commas is to explain connections among expressions and statements. That is a quite expansive objective, and there are a variety of employments for commas. Fortunately, you just truly need to concentrate on a couple of fundamental standards so as to excel on the ACT. The four standards you completely need to know manage altering expressions and statements, early on expressions and conditions, associating autonomous provisions with a combination, and isolating things in a rundown. Try not to stress if that all seems like nonsense: we'll go over each case with models! Appositives, RelativeClauses, and Interjections When in doubt, any piece of a sentence that can be evacuated without changing the sentence's basic significance must be organized by commas. Take, for instance, the accompanying sentence: Timmywho adores Supermanis energized for the forthcoming film. The purpose of the sentence is that Timmy is amped up for the film his adoration for Superman is simply useful foundation information. Since taking out who adores Supermanwouldn't influence the principle thought of the sentence, that proviso should be isolated from the remainder of the sentence by commas, as so: Timmy, who adores Superman, is energized for the forthcoming film. On the off chance that you aren't sure whether a piece of a sentence should be encircled by commas, give crossing it a shot. In the event that the sentence despite everything bodes well, at that point the commas are required; in the event that it doesn't, at that point they aren't. We should give it a shot with a model: The understudy who overlooked her schoolwork got confinement. Who overlooked her schoolwork appears as though it may should be set off with commas, so how about we cross it out and take a stab at perusing the sentence once more: The understudy who overlooked her schoolwork got confinement. With that condition crossed out, it's no longer clearwhichstudent got detainment, so by expelling it we have changed the importance of the sentence. This implies it shouldn't be encircled by commas. In view of these general standards, how about we analyze the three fundamental cases, which-as you may have speculated from the title of this segment are relativeclauses, appositive expressions, and general interpositions. RelativeClauses: Non-Restrictive versus Prohibitive Relativeclauses are dependentclauses that depict a thing and start with a relative pronoun or verb modifier like which, that, or where. If you don't know precisely what those terms mean, don't stress over it to an extreme yet consider looking at our manual for provisos. The standard for utilizing commas with relativeclauses is that you don't utilize commas around a provision if it's prohibitive, for example it explains the particular thing you're discussing, butyou do usecommas if the condition isnon-prohibitive, for example it simply remarks on an unmistakably characterized thing. This may appear to be confounding, however it's much more clear by and by, so we should take a gander at the two sorts of provisos exclusively. Prohibitive: These areclauses that are important to the significance of a sentence-they explain precisely who or what you're discussing. You can't remove a prohibitive statement from asentence without in a general sense changing its importance. Investigate the model beneath. Individuals who disdain kale won’t appreciate green smoothies. In this sentence, in the event that you take out the provision â€Å"who detest kale,† you’re left with â€Å"People won’t appreciate green smoothies,† which isn't making a similar point as the first sentence. Since this sort of condition can't be expelled without changingthe significance of the sentence, it ought not be separated with commas. Non-Restrictive:These are statements that give extra data and are in this manner not essential to the importance of the sentence. My sister, who despises kale, doesn’t appreciate green smoothies. The purpose of this sentence is that my sister doesn’t appreciate green smoothies; regardless of whether you evacuate the underlined divide, that point is still made.Unlike in the case of a prohibitive condition over, the underlined parcel isn't fundamental to importance of the sentence. In that capacity, it should be isolated from the primary idea of the sentence with commas. A significant point for the ACT: provisions beginning with which are consistently non-prohibitive, while those beginning with that are consistently prohibitive. This implies which ALWAYS takes a comma and that NEVER does: I love perusing books that are loaded with experience since they remove me from my exhausting life. I loveHarry Potter and the Sorcerer'sStone, which is loaded with experience, since it removes me from my exhausting life. The dazzling comma butterfly ( ©Michael Palmer) Appositive Phrases Appositive expressions are essentially the syntactic more youthful kin of elucidating conditions: they fill a similar need, depicting a thing or pronoun, however they do exclude an action word. In any case, the essential standard for comma use isidentical. On the off chance that an expression can be evacuated without changing the significance of the sentence, it should be encircled with commas.Consider the accompanying models. Where do you think they need commas? Her mom a specialist was frequently late.â†'Her mother, a specialist, was regularly late. Jonah a fifth-grader bounces rope on the play area everyday.â†'Jonah, a fifth-grader, hops rope on the play area regular. The things a specialist and a fifth-grader modifyher mother and Jonah, individually, yet they aren't important to primary essence of the sentences. The one somewhat confounding twist on this standard is that when the request for appositives are turned around, they as a rule don't require commas any longer. Ernest Hemingway, a creator, composed nine books. Ernest Hemingway a creator composed nine books. In the above model, we utilize our strikethrough procedure anddetermine that the commas are suitably positioned. In any case, when we switch the word request underneath, you'll notice a change. Creator Ernest Hemingway composed nine books. Creator Ernest Hemingway composed nine books. Despite the fact that creator presently starts things out, it's despite everything adjusting Ernest Hemingway. This implies thatErnest Hemingway shouldn't be set off with commas; as should be obvious, the sentence wouldn't bode well with his name expelled. Additionally, enticing as it might be to put a comma after creator, it's really filling in as a descriptive word in this specific circumstance. Much the same as you wouldn't place comma in President Barack Obama, you shouldn't stick one in Creator Ernest Hemingway. Contributions The last case we'll talk about is contributions, which are words or short phrasesthat disruptthe stream of a sentence like obviously. We will in general utilize these much more when we talk than when we compose, yet they do spring up on the ACT every so often. What you are bound to see is therelated development that happens when a progress word is moved into asentence, as in the accompanying model. Form 1: However, my sister wouldn't assist me with moving the lounge chair. Form 2: My sister, nonetheless, would not assist me with moving the sofa. The second sort of sentencestructure shows up moderately every now and again on the ACT-simply realize that on the off chance that you see a progress word intruding on a proviso, it should be set off with commas. We've secured alot of data and it might appear reallycomplicated, butthe significant thing is to rememberthe central guideline: if something is encircled by commas, thenit isn't critical to the primary concern of the sentence. ACT Applications ACT inquiries concerning appositives and relative statements for the most part expect you to decide if you need a comma to finish a couple and, provided that this is true, where it needs to go. We should experience the inquiry step by step.As composed, this sentence doesn’t have a primary action word it’s only a subject, â€Å"Houdini,† followed by a long non-prohibitive proviso so F can't be right. J doesn’t take care of this issue. G and H both spot a comma after mysticism, which gives you the non-prohibitive statement â€Å"who committed extensive exertion

Shear Strength Tests Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Shear Strength Tests - Lab Report Example Top and base was joined utilizing shear screws half of the shear box and strong 3mm plate was set at the base of the shear box then the tallness d1 from the highest point of the plate to the base shear box was estimated. A holder containing sand weighing 0.1g was emptied uniformly into the Shear box from 5cm tallness 10mm from the top. The scrubber was utilized to level the sand, and the heaviness of the sand test inside the shear box was estimated. The thickness of the second plate 3mm plate, tp, and its weight was estimated and recorded. Vernier ruler was accustomed to estimating the good ways from the highest point of the plate to top of the crate at all 4 corners to 0.1mm then the normal was recorded as d2. Test volume, weight, thickness, and porosity was determined. The calculation of the porosity depended on sands grains having relative thickness Gs of 2.65.1.2 Loading the Sample Vertically The Piston was gauged and delicately positioned on the top plate, and the vertical s tacking holder was adjusted onto the cylinder. The Vertical shaft was tenderly strung until in contact with the cylinder. The locking nut was changed in accordance with keep the shaft set up and the heap was set on the lower holder through turning handle. The lower holder switch gave a 10 times increase of the heap at the stacking point, and the weight were recorded.1.3. Preparing Sample for Shearing The screws were joining the top and the base portion of the container was expelled, and all the dials were set to zero to guarantee they completely connect with and the coefficients esteem for every division was recorded.

Short Answer Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Short Answer Questions - Essay Example At the point when one can explain the qualities it invigorates a chance to distinguish the required in showing ones calling of nursing. One can give administrations with the assistance of both individual and calling esteems. Qualities are characterized by calling, for instance the nursing calling requires persistence ,love and trustworthiness. In this manner is it significant for to explain the qualities so as to execute benefits in an increasingly tenacious manner. Open figures are the individuals qualified for serve people in general and the greater part of them do the inverse with their worth prerequisites. This isn't the equivalent with the those of expert figures since calling requires direct use of those qualities in releasing of administrations .Doctors are proficient figures and they execute obligations as indicated by their own and expert qualities. Open figures have chances as far as worth application since they do things that don’t result from the qualities they are normal from them. Legislators for example have chances as far as their qualities. They participate in defilement, pay off and tribalism during offering administrations to general society. This is thoroughly off-base since they are pioneers and they should practice authority esteems. The term proficient alludes to a depiction of a person who is able or gifted in a specific movement. It can likewise mean an individual who is engaged with a specific movement as an occupation. Fetus removal and intentional willful extermination are significant yet basic issues identified with life and passing. They include utilization of moral issues that require lawful choices . Individual intercessions are additionally required before settling on a choice on fetus removal and willful killing. Premature birth is a help that ought to be offered distinctly under specific states of the patient. Legitimate system may follow where the lawyer is included. A person’s will or choice to experience might be endorsed after thought of a few legitimate

Economic, social and political policies free essay sample

How effective were the financial, social and political approaches of the Tsar’s government from 1894-1914? In 1894, Nicholas II rose to the honored position following the demise of his dad, Alexander III. Woefully not ready for such a job, Nicholas II has been portrayed as a gullible and uncouth pioneer. During a period of colossal social and political change in Russia, Nicholas held quick to the obsolete, despotic arrangements and contradicted change of any sort. His bumbling treatment of the military issues and heartlessness toward the requirements of his kin assisted with energizing the 1914 Russian Revolution. It tends to be contended that the best financial arrangements were of those, set by Sergei Witte; in any case, these approaches had victories and disappointments. Sergei Witte, a money serve from 1892 to 1903, was the draftsman of Russian industrialisation. Witte accepted that, since Russia was so a long ways behind different nations, the state needed to assume an enormous job in animating modern development. We will compose a custom article test on Monetary, social and political approaches or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He propelled Russia into a period of Russia into a time of overwhelming industry, utilizing the railroads as a beginning stage. A few achievements of Witte’s arrangements were that Russia was modernizing from a place that was further behind the economies of different nations. The financial modernisation permitted Russia to furnish their military with increasingly complex weaponry and contend as a World force. These triumphs permitted the Tsar to pick up help for his system. To think about, there were numerous disappointments of Witte’s approaches which could make a danger the tsarist system. The Russian political framework didn't modernize and instructive open doors stayed constrained for the minority, this caused there to be an expanded political resistance to the Tsarist arrangement of government. Witte expanded immediate and roundabout charges in Russia, which helped support the economy by pressed the workers causing a far reaching outrage which lead to strikes getting progressively normal in Russia urban communities. Another man who helped the economy was Peter Stolypin. Both Stolypin and Witte had a mutual target †the safeguarding of the Tsarist framework. Be that as it may, Stolypin was keen on building up the farming of Russia, and set out to prevail upon the working class who had been the tsarist conventional supporters. He perceived that a portion of the complaints of the workers originated from their long-standing disdain of the restrictions of the liberation in 1861 and the weight of the recovery installments. A repetitive interest during the 1905 Revolution had been for more land and help from the monetary obligation. Stolypin pointed toâ create a class of prosperous autonomous smallholding laborers to the detriment of the Mir, diminish the intensity of the Mir, improve the effectiveness of agribusiness by consummation in reverse techniques for cultivating rehearsed by the Mir and energize the exchange of land from the wasteful unenterprising workers to the prosperous laborers who were hoping to set themselves up as large ranchers. Stolypin’s measures made some progress as the authority of the Mir was diminished as laborers were allowed to leave the town, there was a generous measure of land moves, reclamation installments were finished in 1907 and cultivating techniques were improved. Hardware and fake manures were presented. This improved the Russian agribusiness prompting grain being delivered for home utilization and crude cotton, sugar-beet and tobacco were created for trade. It tends to be contended that the two men effectively helped the financial arrangements the greatest number of accomplishments can be appeared. Nonetheless, both Stolypin and Witte had various expectations and courses in improving the financial territory of Russia. In spite of the fact that progress was made to modernize Russia and improve its solidness, by and large it was not steady. This is exhibited through the turmoil in Russia, for instance, The Lena Goldfields occurrence, where mechanical laborer were gone for causing agitation. This is a factor of little significance however shows that the individuals of Russia were discontent with the legislature. Furthermore, in 1914 there was a significant increment in the quantity of strikes, this features the way that the Russian individuals were troubled so along these lines needed to make turmoil all together get what they needed. Nicholas took over from his dad and stuck in his father’s reactionary ways and controlled Russia as a czar. This implied he had incomparable control over Russia. Every single ideological group were made unlawful, this implied the best way to challenge the Tsar’s authority was to cause disturbance, for example, strikes. It very well may be contended that this shows Russia was politically steady as nobody could challenge the tsarist system anyway it shows an absence of political solidness the same number of gatherings of individuals became political resistance to the Tsar. To look at, it very well may be said that Russia was getting politically steady. The most noteworthy factor to show this is the October Manifesto. Concessions, for example, the right to speak freely of discourse, the option to shape ideological groups and a development of a national parliament were framed during the October Manifesto. Because of the October Manifesto, the Duma was set up. This is a similarly huge factor as it shows that Russia had the possibilityâ to become a popularity based nation, as there were currently ideological groups and a right to speak freely. During the third and fourth Duma, numerous laws were passed including National Insurance. In any case, some may contend that since four Dumas were framed, Russia didn't have a fruitful political framework, as the national parliament continued evolving. Dwindle Stolypin assisted with making the political strategies in Russia fruitful by de-altering the workers. This prohibited the recovery installments and conciliated the workers, to convince them to help the Tsar. This was significant as it kept most of laborers from revolting. Along these lines, it tends to be said that the political arrangements between 1894 1914 were fruitful as the Tsar increased more help however then they were ineffective as the upheaval happened in 1905 and again in 1914. A large number of the social strategies were placed in to place to keep the individuals of Russia calm and leveled out. In the second piece of the nineteenth century Nicholas continued and forced all the more thoroughly, the strategy of Russification. This arrangement included creation non-Russians utilize the Russian language rather than their own and embrace Russian traditions and propensities. Russian authorities were gotten to run territorial governments in Non-Russian pieces of the Empire, for example, Finland and Poland. This strategy was not fruitful as the national minorities considered Russification to be a basic assault on their lifestyle and a hugely unreasonable arrangement that victimized them. Apparently the Jews framed a sizeable ethnic gathering and had to live in a region known as the Pale of Settlement. They endured under a purposeful social strategy known as Anti-Semitism which places social, political and financial limitations upon them. Supported by the specialists, ultra-moderate patriots known as the Black Hundreds, did many sorted out assaults on their homes and organizations. It very well may be said that every single social arrangement were fruitless as they made a huge resistance bunches towards the Tsar and his system. In this manner, to finish up, it very well may be contended that the social, political and monetary had triumphs and disappointments. Nonetheless, it very well may be said that the disappointments exceed the triumphs as there was a Russian Revolution in 1905 and afterward again in 1914. Additionally, because of his arrangements the Tsar increased significant resistance bunches which went about as a danger to oust the Tsarist Regime.

Things that are hard.

Things that are hard. Hence the not-having-written-anything-yet. So hi, my name’s Shannon. I’m from Grand Rapids, Michigan, Furniture Capital of the World and proud birthplace of both the Holland Tulip Time Festival and the Christian Reformed Church (though I was technically born in Detroit, the not-so-proud hometown of Kwame Kilpatrick… yeah). I enjoy long walks on the beach, though only on the hard sand because I get tired easily on the soft stuff. If I were a Crayola crayon, I would totally be Dandelion- it’s clearly the best color in the box. From the ages of 3-10, my life goal was to be quarterback for the Detroit Lions, though I was eventually was forced to give this up and decided that being an astrophysicist was an acceptable alternative. Two of my favorite times are 10:23 and 10:24, particularly because they come one right after another. I happen to be a bit of a nerd. I know almost the entire script of The Lion King, which is by far my favorite Disney movie of all time- I will not budge on this point. I make some ridiculously good chocolate chip cookies, once walked from Harvard to MIT entirely barefoot due to a massive blister, and have a tendency to laugh when people get really mad at me. I’ve wanted to go to MIT since middle school, and now that I’m here I practically have to pinch myself when I wake up in the morning because I can hardly believe that I’m at this school. That, and I have trouble waking up to alarms. So this blog is for those of you who love this school already and for those of you who don’t (though I suppose that covers everyone). With the ridiculousness that tends to be the story of my life, though, the ride should at least be entertaining. *Vermonster A monster of a sundae 20 scoops of ice cream, hot fudge, banana, cookies, brownies, and all of your favorite toppings. In English: dont try this at home, kids.

Describe Making English the Official Language in America - 1925 Words

Describe Making English the Official Language in America (Research Paper Sample) Content: Students NameProfessors NameCourseDateMaking English the Official Language in AmericaIn America, English has been a universal tongue ever since its establishment. In current years, conversely, English has been at risk of losing its class as the official state language. This is because it is clear that in the cities and metropolises bordering the states; the use of native languages between immigrants has proved to be progressively more widespread. The American government, converse to the belief of many people, never has an official language due to the impact of immigrants (Bryson, 34). National legislators propose a law to formulate English to become the authorized national language in the American States, but every time of its proposal, the legislation dies. The making and passing of the federal proposal to permit English language to be used in all the government affairs will, therefore, create a common language which will enable easy communication, carrying out busin ess, and more activities which will promote togetherness as looked at in this work.To begin with, the making of English as the official language will persuade new immigrants to gain knowledge of this foreign language in the United States which they will have to adopt as their own. The problem is that these immigrants are glued to their indigenous languages in daily life activities, and even after migrating to the America for quite a lot of years; they still can never speak English. Since the need to have a common language has no negative impacts, most people within America argue that exercising other native languages must be lawfully restrained. Conversely, other citizens resist it by saying restraining will only put native speakers not have bilingual support and be under pressure during incidences of emergency thereby jeopardizing their lives. Therefore, the main objective of using English as a common language is to bring together the people of the America, whereas improving immigr ants lives and other inhabitants.Similarly, the express expenditure of bilingual education and translators is costly by amounting to billions of dollars, since most of these expenses are paid by the local governments. For instance, approximately $20 million (17%) of all time election allocated budget, has always been used to print ballot papers in different languages and also bilingual opinion poll workers have to be hired (Kibbee, 19). Also, courts have been forced to hire as much full-time bilingual court interpreters at expensive costs of about $300 in a day. This has led to the proposal of laws such as patients in need of interpreters and who can never speak English to hire their interpreters in health care centers. Therefore, if the use of English were a common language cutting across all America, billions of dollars would have to be saved from the national budget which allocates much expenditure on the bilingual education as well as the hiring of translators in the daily activ ities.Equally, many immigrants who have no knowledge of speaking the English language often find themselves affected negatively by limited job opportunities. It is so because the federal government tries to encourage and to make English official language across the America in all activities starting from office to business work. This has over many generations become unclear to immigrants. All attempts to promote the use of English in all fields and the learning of this language has been criticized as racism and moreover referred to as an oppression thing. Though immigrants can never see the purpose of having one language since they oppose motions pushing for only one legal language, the state has a different view on this. According to the government, learning and using only English has constantly availed opportunities for migrants and their family units, by letting them penetrate into the United States mainstream and progress up with the socio-economic steps.Correspondingly, in so me learning institutions, failure rates of state provided exams for instance; Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) that is a basic requirement for graduation has failures exceeding twenty percent. The tests are always provided in English language and not any other language as expected by the non-English students who never have a clue about the language. Seemingly, many of them who fail since they are only fluent in their native languages, have been on the verge of making demands to either eliminate the tests or have the exams provided in their languages (Schilling, et al. 34). This has made the state to think of other options such as the need to create classes where these individuals will never learn or speak English but at the end of the day learn their curriculum courses. This is done by translating the curriculum from English to suit the learners and hiring teachers who have a good command of the native languages. This is often an expensive process and the need to have al l learners to speak English would cut the costs of republishing books in other languages as well as hiring the language experts to teach the learners within America.Also, the unseen expenses of accidents and the loss of productivity that results from the million immigrants who do not speak English are estimated to be over billions of dollars. These are inclusive of accidents such as; 1) Grave traffic accident, which results from misunderstanding and misinterpreting of the road signs and posts which, guides drivers. 2) Workplace accidents, for instance, misinterpreting even mails thereby causing conflicting responses to clients due to incidences such as delay in time. 3) Medical accidents, which occur when medical professionals not fluent in English cannot understand what the patients or their families needs of them to perform. The struggle by the government to eradicate these accidents by enforcing laws to make one official language which is English has been futile. If only one lang uage were used in the whole American state, there would be fewer accidents which cost the government more expenses due to the barrier in language.In addition, if Americans never had general government to protect and rule its citizens, this would result to disunity among the states. The same applies to not having a common language to bring together both the government and its people. This implies that use of the different languages would only lead to upsetting and disunity commotion within America and the future generations to come (English, 65). For instance, not having immigrants representatives within the government would seemingly be biased for all citizens regardless of the ethnic groups have a right to have a representative within the authorities. Therefore, in order to prevent such shortcomings, it is in order English language be known by all. Also, declaring English as the authorized language will bring back the encouragement to gain knowledge of it. Particularly, this step w ill necessitate that all regulations, orders, programs, laws, policies, public proceedings, publications, orders, and actions are carried out in only English language. Everybody, as a result, should learn English so as to communicate more proficiently to and with each other. This will eliminate the need to print using different languages, which would reduce the commercial and manufacturing costs.Likewise, by immigrants accepting that America is an exceptionally better place to reside, and a land of countless opportunities and liberty, where most foreigners often want to inhabit and live, the immigrants should thereby be prepared to learn the English language in return. Clearly, the power of speaking a common language (English) will help unite the Americans, native born, and immigrants alike. Equally, communication with one another in a common, single tongue promotes trust, as it reduces ethnic bigotry and hostility. Therefore, to all immigrants, understanding the significance of kee ping and learning the English language in the United States, is important and needs consideration. Even though immigrants believe it is okay to speak their native language in the US, American's language departmental considers that the passage of to making English become an official language could help to increase opportunities for the immigrants. They will acquire knowledge in the English language, which is the sole supreme empowering means that migrants must have so as to succeed. Therefore, learning and using English will encourage even the Americans to accept more immigrants since they will be united and there would be increased trust among them as well as giving them more opportunities for jobs or businesses.Besides, claims have been made that English only should be affirmed as the official language, while abandoning the bilingual support on language use. Even though these claims clearly explain that inability to speak English language is a great drawback for immigrants, it's e qually important to note that bilingual support holds back the study of English language (Kibbee, 29). Some American people have seemingly developed disrespectful and personal dislike attitudes towards immigrants since they consider them as; inhabitants who have resided in their countries for a long time and cannot be able to speak English. For example, they consider these immigrants as less intelligent individuals and would not be able to learn and speak English unless forced to do so. In addition, some American citizens are still intolerant of immigrants by considering them dander people who have invaded their country and did not want to speak their English language. Having English as the official language will, therefore, remove from the American's notion in mind that immigrants are un-intelligent, as well as uniting all of them regardless of which background they come from.The United States of America is a home to over 350 native language speakers...

Essay on St. Augustines View of Evil - 1070 Words

Whether or not evil is the absence of good is a question that has puzzled Christians since the time of St. Augustine of Hippo. In The Confessions of St. Augustine, he initiates this premise and argues in its favor. Discourse about evil is based on the Christian theological teachings of the omniscience, omnipotence, and perfect benevolence of God as well as the understanding that evil is present in this world. Since these four concepts are contradictory, one of them must be rejected. Thus, St. Augustine argues that evil does not exist. I find St. Augustine’s explanation to be satisfying. In order to make sense of St. Augustine’s definition of evil as the absence of good, it is helpful to know how he came up with it. It is true that†¦show more content†¦By asking question after question about how it is possible for evil to exist given what is known about God, he helps his readers realize that evil cannot exist. Another way to approach what is meant by evil being an absence of good is by employing Platonic ideas. According to Plato’s theory of forms, all that exists is somewhat of a shadow of God. Imagine a line that divides the divine world from the earthly. Plato called the divine world which he placed above the line the noumena and the earthly world which he put below the line the phenomena. He taught that the noumena is perfect and that the phenomena is imperfect, but also good and praiseworthy. Basically, Plato believed that everything that exists is a reflection of God. Furthermore, the phenomena is corruptible while the noumena is incorruptible. Plato also said that corrupting something means making it less like its noumena form and less good. Corrupt things are not evil. For example, one cannot affect â€Å"treeness,† or the noumena form of a tree, by chopping down a tree. Moreover, a tree stump is less of a reflection of the noumena form and less good than an actual tree is, but it is not evil. The chapter of Genesis in the Old Testament of the Bible is when we first see an absence of good. In the begining of time when God created Heaven and earth, â€Å"[he] looked over all he had made, and saw that it was very good† (Genesis 1: 31)! Later in the creationShow MoreRelatedEssay on On Free Choice of the Will: St. Augustine’s View on Evil1765 Words   |  8 PagesOn Free Choice of the will: St. Augustine’s View on Evil This paper examines St. Augustine’s view on evil. St. Augustine believed that God made a perfect world, but that Gods creatures turned away from God of their own free will and that is how evil originated in the world. Augustine assumes that evil cannot be properly said to exist at all, he argues that the evil, together with that suffering which is created as punishment for sin, originates in the free nature of the will of all creatures. AccordingRead MoreAugustine : A Journey Of Conversion1043 Words   |  5 PagesCatholicism, such as his mother, St. Monica, Augustine grew up questioning Christ and the faith and rather explored other religions. Two religions that Augustine devoted himself to were Manichaeism and Neoplatonism. While both religions had strengths and flaws, neither truly satisfied Augustine’s spiritual emptiness. Before devoting himself fully to the Catholic faith, Augustine is seen as an honorable saint because of the significance of his works and teachi ngs. Augustine’s conversion from ManichaeismRead MoreAugustine : A New Biography1352 Words   |  6 PagesJames O’Donnell truly challenges readers to view Augustine through a different lens. Augustine, who greatly influenced Christian philosophy and the development of Christianity as a whole within Western Civilization, is known by people around the world. These people will more than likely be dismayed when they read James O’Donnell’s view of Augustine in which they possibly, will call blasphemous. O’ Donnell claims that his biography starts where Augustine’s Confessions ends. It is understandable thatRead MoreThe Writings Of Augustine s Writings Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pagesas his persuasive ideas, notions of community in terms of a group bound by religious beliefs, and conflict in the form of internal struggle with belief and sin, all of which find resonance in other religious texts such as the Qur’an, the Chronicle of St. Denis , and passages from the Tanakh. Augustine began writing Confessions in around 400 CE as a spiritual autobiography that walks us through his life from birth to his arrival at Christianity. His spiritual journey combined with his prayers shows anRead MoreAugustine and The Problem of Evil Essay886 Words   |  4 Pages from where does un-good come? How did evil creep into the universal picture? In Book VII of his Confessions, St. Augustine reflects on the existence of evil and the theological problem it poses. For evil to exist, the Creator God must have granted it existence. This fundamentally contradicts the Christian confession that God is Good. Logically, this leads one to conclude evil does not exist in a created sense. Augustine arrives at the conclusion that evil itself is not a formal thing, but the resultRead MoreSt. Augustines Conversion to Christianity Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesSt. Augustines Conversion to Christianity Aurelius Augustinius, St. Augustine, was born in 354 A.D. in Tagaste, a town in North Africa. Born just over a century before the fall of Rome, Augustine would live his entire life within the Roman empire. Augustine was a great Christian thinker and wrote numerous works which survive today, and offer us a vivid glimpse into the period. His works and thoughts on Christ, the nature of God, the role of the Church, and myriad other topics, shaped muchRead More Augustines Concept of Politics Essay2417 Words   |  10 PagesAugustines Concept of Politics For Augustine, political life is a necessary evil. Why is it evil and why is it necessary? How then, does his claim influence his political theory? Introduction It is probably prudent to begin by discussing some of the fundamental beliefs of St. Augustine in order to better tackle the question. We must remember that St. Augustine is first and foremost a theologian, and thus his beliefs are firmly rooted in the teachings of Christianity. He accepted the doctrineRead MoreAbelard and Aquinas Essay713 Words   |  3 PagesPeter Abelard was a renowned dialectician from 1079 to 1142. He subjected theological doctrines to logical analysis. In other words, he used rational argument to discover truth. Saint Thomas Aquinas, was a believer in the power of reason, giving St. Augustines theory an alternate approach. He taught in Paris and Italy during the years 1225 to 1274. Both of these new age thinkers changed the way Catholic followers viewed the natural world. Peter Abelard was one of the new thinkers that appliedRead More Christianity According to St. Augustine and Machiavelli Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pages In St. Augustine’s book entitled Political Writings, one could see that Christianity plays a very important role in his view of politics. His opinion on the morality or lack of morality in politics, to me makes it more evident that Christianity persuades his views. Although it seems his writings have become quite well known and admired, not everyone fully shared his beliefs. Niccolo Machiavelli, for instance, seemed to believe in a government that was not driven by morality, but more by practicalityRead MoreSt. Augustine s The Problem Of Evil1143 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion: Explain how St. Augustine ultimately solves the â€Å"problem of evil† in a way that is compatible with his Christian faith. Be sure to refer in your answer to the two aspects of his solution that we discussed in class- the one centring on the nature of evil itself, the other on why we sin. Do you agree that the problem has been solved adequately? Defend your answer. Introduction: â€Å" Inside each of us there is the seed of both good and evil. It is a consistent struggle as to which one will

Life of a poet Essays - 1520 Words

Summary of Whose canon is it anyway? â€Å"Whose canon is it anyway?† is an article written by Bethan Marshall. In the article, Marshall analyzes a review by Tom Paulin of a book by Anthony Julius about the anti-Semitism and literary works of T. S. Elliot. Despite being a well-known anti-Semite, Elliot and his poetry were studied in schools around the world. Therefore, by questioning his beliefs, we also question our own culture because Elliot’s works are closely related to its foundation. So, Elliot poses the question: Is culture something we can control or deliberately influence? In 1993, the head of the National Curriculum Council, David Pascall, changed the curriculum in an effort to try and answer Elliot’s question. Five years earlier,†¦show more content†¦Five years earlier, Brian Cox had tried to implement a similar kind of curriculum as Pascall but did not follow through with it despite feeling the need for a cultural analysis. Edward Said describes culture as being something inevit able that grows on the individual and automatically makes them a little xenophobic. Dr. Nicholas Tate brought up how our culture is based on our interest and the environment in which we are placed in. He believes that someone can be multicultural as it is part of what makes the person core culture. Yet, by trying to alter the culture, we are losing the traditional values that English literature was built on. For example, the works by Elliot that was been studied for decades are the roots for questions about culture, identity and power that are trying to be preserved. â€Å"Whose canon is it anyway?† is an article written by Bethan Marshall. In the article, Marshall analyzes a review by Tom Paulin of a book by Anthony Julius about the anti-Semitism and literary works of T. S. Elliot. Despite being a well-known anti-Semite, Elliot and his poetry were studied in schools around the world. Therefore, by questioning his beliefs, we also question our own culture because Elliot’s works are closely related to its foundation. So, Elliot poses the question: Is culture something we can control or deliberately influence? In 1993, theShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of The Poet And Life Poets Using A Narrator And Ill Fated Poet1107 Words   |  5 Pages Shelley critiques the role and life poets using a Narrator and ill-fated Poet. The Narrator speaks to the reader, describing the Poet’s journey, and evaluating the Poet’s decisions concerning his life. It can also be alleged that Alastor anticipated A Defence of Poetry’s intent in de fining the role of the poet. Examining his prose closely, this will prove to be true and there will be a realistic definition of the role of the poet. The reader will realize the poet is one who binds the forces of theRead More Frosts Life as a Poet Essay2465 Words   |  10 Pages Robert Frost’s Life as a Poet Robert Lee Frost was born in San Francisco, California on March 26 of 1974 and died in Boston, Massachusetts on January 29 of 1963. Though he did not truly start publishing poems until age thirty-nine, Frost obtained four Pulitzer prizes in his writing career and was deemed one of the greatest twentieth century poets. His pastoral writing and skilled use of meter and rhythm has captured the attention of reader’s and critics for decades (Academic American, 345). FrostRead MoreE.E. Cummings and his Life as a Poet Essay1967 Words   |  8 Pages This research paper is going to be about E.E. Cummings his life as a poet. How he wrote his poems the grammar he used in his poems. The rewards that E.E. Cummings got before his death. There is going to be three poems that are going to be a critical analyzed for the literary devices used and the type of poem in the three poems. Biography His early experiments in poetry whilst still a child were encouraged by liberal parents to whom Cummings remained close (â€Å"E.E. Cummings†). After an unsuccessfulRead MoreEssay about Female Poets and the Dark Side of Life505 Words   |  3 PagesFemale Poets and the Dark Side of Life During the mid-nineteenth century many female poets including Christina Rossetti seemed to lean upon the dark side of life presenting very dark and shadowed emotions within their poetry. Yet this is not to say that they were depressed but in many ways in can be inferred that these dark themes may have been influenced by the era in which they were living. Many historians have suggested that the second half of the nineteenth century was culturally, aRead More To Autumn - The Final Season In the Life of a Poet Essay examples1778 Words   |  8 PagesTo Autumn - The Final Season In the Life of a Poet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The years between 1818 and 1821 mark the final stage in John Keats life. During this time period, Keats created some of his best poetry. These works would forever elevate Keats as a brilliant and talented poet whose mark would be left on the literary world forever. The last years of Keats life were met with many challenges as well as inspirations. It was a combination of these which not only influenced, but inspired Keats toRead MoreDavid Thoreau s Life And The Early Works Of The Poet2145 Words   |  9 Pagessome people may see as a simple inspirational quote from a long dead poet and writer is actually a statement of our own divinity which is the basis of Emerson’s beliefs and Transcendentalism. What is around us in the empirical world is not as important as the presence of God and the divine within us, but we can become closer to God by seeing him in the natural world. Emerson’s beliefs were influenced by many factors throughout his life. His Unitarian upbringing, education at Harvard Divinity School,Read MoreThe Life Of 19Th Century American Poet Edgar Allan Poe1670 Words   |  7 PagesThe life of 19th century American poet Edgar Allan Poe is one that the world of literary works and poetry will never cease to remember. Poe crafted several famous works of poetry during the American Romantic Movement, such as â€Å"The Raven†, a poem that helped gain him much fame after his death. Several poets have existed throughout time, but few became as well-known as Poe. The stories, conspiracies, and questions that lie behind his life are those of extreme popularity. Unlike many other great poetsRead MoreLife of Edgar Allen Poe from Immigration to Poet1035 Words   |  5 PagesAllan Poe’s Life Edgar Allen Poe was born on January 19th of the year 1809 to two traveling actors (Poe’s Life). Both of his parents died within his first year of life (Poe’s Life). After his parents’ death he went to live with John Allan and Frances Valentine Allan in Richman, Virginia (Poe’s Life). In the year 1826 he Poe went to the University of Virginia and did well in all of his classes (Poe’s Life). While away at school he began falling deeper and deeper into debt (Poe’s Life). When he wasRead MorePoet, Seamus Heaney Focuses on the Simple Joys of Life Essay558 Words   |  3 Pagesstudy the works of the renowned Irish poet, critic, and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1995, Seamus Heaney. I choose Heaney because he is rather contemporary author, most of his works published in the mid to late twentieth century, and his poems were simple yet beautiful. The voice that he uses to spin his tales is fundamentally human. In my opinion, Heaney does not put on fronts of human perfection, but chooses to focus on the simple joys that life provides. This can be seen in manyRead More e.e. cummings: The Life of Americas Experimental Poet Essay examples1942 Words   |  8 Pagese.e. cummings: The Life of Americas Experimental Poet Edward Estlin Cummings was born October 14, 1894 in the town of Cambridge Massachusetts. His father, and most constant source of awe, Edward Cummings, was a professor of Sociology and Political Science at Harvard University. In 1900, Edward left Harvard to become the ordained minister of the South Congregational Church, in Boston. As a child, E.E. attended Cambridge public schools and lived during the summer with his family in their summer

Adult Education in Delaware

If you are a resident of the state of Delaware and are interested in learning as an adult, whether you yearn for a GED, a degree, an advanced degree, to learn English as a second language, or to pursue lifelong learning, youve got a whole lot of choices. The state has an abundance of resources available to you. Delaware Department of Education The place to start is at the Delaware Department of Education, known as DEDOE. Our link will take you to the Student page, which includes links to specific kinds of education for students of all ages, but in this list youll find adult-specific links for information about adult learning, career and technical student organizations, higher education, and private business and trade schools. On the Federal and State Programs page, youll find a ton of links, including one to a very cool site called Tech Prep Delaware, designed to help prepare you for almost any kind of career. If you want to return to school to learn a trade, this is your place to start. Adult education encompasses a broad range of learning, from GED and workforce training to graduate degrees and lifelong learning. Youll find links for all of these. College and Workforce Readiness College and Workforce Readiness, part of the Delaware Department of Education (DEDOE, also has lots of career and technical resources, in addition to prison education info. Another good resource. The Delaware Skills Center The Delaware Skills Center is another great resource. Its all about vocational technical training and offers courses in nursing, electrical, welding, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning), construction, and computer sciences. The center has been around since 1962, providing skills training and job placement for 9,500 graduates. It works closely with Delaware business and develops curricula that matches what Delaware businesses need, so job placement is high. Sounds like a winning formula. Delaware Center for Distance Adult Learning The Delaware Center for Distance Adult Learning, known as DCDAL, focuses on helping adults get their high school diploma or GED, and transition to college. Its mission is to provide a personalized program with quality instruction and support to enable adult learners to become more effective employees, family members, and community participants. This center is closely associated the the James H. Groves Adult High School, which has seven centers throughout the state of Delaware. New Start New Start is an adult learning program for residents of lower New Castle County. Its free, and it offers help with reading, writing, speaking and math. Youll find a ton of information about tutors, which is very attractive to many adult learners. County Info Each county in Delaware has its own programs for adult education. Be sure to check the resources and programs in the county in which you live. And dont forget your local community colleges and universities. You might be surprised how many adult students are on campus. Look for the counselors office and get all your questions answered in the right place. Other Resources Delaware Adult Community Education NetworkEducational Resources for Delaware from ed.govDelaware Works, a workforce investment boardPrivate Schools in Delaware Good luck!

The Australian Bureau Of Statistics ( Abs ) Website

The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) website provides highly relevant information regarding the chosen group’s population demographic, as it shows only Australian statistics. The ABS is an authoritative source, being the national statistical agency in Australia. It provides the most accurate and up-to-date figures regarding Australia’s population. It is a purely factual therefore objective database. This site identifies the proportion of the population being examined. The journal article titled â€Å"Single mothers’ self-assessment of health: a systematic exploration of the literature† is used to explore the social determinants of health (SDH) of single mothers’ which matches the population group and field being examined. Although this is not directly an Australian study it is an international study covering several developed countries, rather than just Australia, it still provides highly relevant information on the topic. The article is published in a peer reviewed International Nursing journal with all data sourced from other peer reviewed articles making it a credible source. The four authors are all from the Department of Nursing at Cyprus University of Technology. Three authors bring authority to the source, having PhDs in the relevant field, and Middleton and Kouta having an extensive list of credentials; both having been cited in multiple articles along with a quality publication output. The article was published i n 2013 using data collected between 2002 andShow MoreRelatedPlanning A Youth Centre Within A Suburb Of 5000 People And Will Focus On976 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) and from Geographic information systems (GIS). 3.1. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) ABS is a national agency that collects and stores national data to related health, economic, social, environment and population status of Australia (ABS 2016). The council can get information regarding the SES of the youth using the Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) data found in the ABS website and use this to create a social atlas of the community (ABS 2013)Read MoreThe Health And Health Of Physiotherapy1620 Words   |  7 Pagesinstance, older ages are more vulnerable to disease and functional decline. Population pyramids are a tool utilised to understand the make-up of a given population (ABS, 2013). Three different populations were graphed into a population pyramid using data sourced from the Australian Bureau of Statistics following the 2011 Australian Census. The populations include; the population of Ingham QLD, the population of Australia, and the population of Indigenous people in Ingham. This information assistsRead MorePopulation Report Of Tasmania. Introduction . Population1551 Words   |  7 Pagesplanning implications and recommendations. Status quo Tasmania is currently the third smallest state in Australia with an estimated population of 519,063 in 2016 according to Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS, 2016). It has the oldest median age (42 years old) compared to other states or territories in Australia (ABS, 2016). Tasmania is not only facing aging problem but also the problem of low birth rate. In the past twelve years, from 2005 to 2016, Tasmania kept very low increasing rates ofRead MoreEssay about Social Stratification 1554 Words   |  7 PagesIn Australian society, many people agree that the socio-economic class that you are born into will determine the life chances you ultimately have for the rest of your life. Australian society is highly based upon the concept of social stratification which â€Å"refers to the division of the population of a society into strata arranged in a hierarchy† (Aspin, Lois J., 1996: page 39) Sociologists study the social world through paradigms, which are theoretical frameworks su ch as functionalism and conflictRead MoreMarketing Report of Window Weatherguard3870 Words   |  16 Pages (2) Marketing intermediaries Marketing intermediaries consists of physical distribution firms, resellers, marketing services agencies and financial intermediaries (Reza, Kamran amp; Gholamreza, 2011, p. 27). According to Window Weatherguard website, there is only one page made by Chief Graphics. This is obviously not enough for selling products. The main reason probably is lack of funds. It is not easy for a small company to raise sufficient funds to advertise the product. In perspective ofRead MoreRace, Class And Gender1032 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiences in prison. Firstly, a discussion of prison in general is necessary. In other words, what constitutes prisons, its aims and objectives and prison culture (Reeves, 2015). Currently there are 38,845 prisoners in Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016). We will look at the history of prisons and the modern application of prisons and in conjunction with the ‘critical criminology’ (Hudson, 2002). This serves as a ‘control’ for our later discussion when we discuss race, class andRead MoreMarketing Mix Future Music Festival Essay1986 Words   |  8 PagesPolitical Influences As a result of Australia’s political ties with Asia, Future music festival is an expanding event. Following a white paper document published by the Australian Federal Government in 2011 called ‘Australia in the Asian century’ which is a document that calls on Australia to form deeper ties with its neighbors, Australian promoters and live music professionals began doing just that, by making a notable push into Asia. (Billboard 2012) So therefore this influenced future music to branchRead MoreMarketing of Australia by its Destination Marketing Organisation (DMO), Tourism Australia.2968 Words   |  12 Pagesthree-phase marketing campaign ‘There’s Nothing Like Australia’ (TNLA). The first phase, ‘Invite’: Australian Consumer Promotion, involving and inviting Australians to share their stories of the favourite and most memorable holiday destinations that they’ve had within their home country. This idea quickly became the countr y’s biggest consumer-generated promotion (Tourism Australia, 2013), as Australians responded with over 60 000 (Tourism Australia, 2010) stories and photos. The responses to theRead MoreDell Identify and Evaluate Marketing Opportunities Essay1784 Words   |  8 Pages 10. How could the Australian Bureau of statistics assist with the research process ? The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is Australias official statistical organisation. It assists and encourages informed decision-making, research and discussion within governments and the community, by providing a high quality, objective and responsive national statistical service. If you are unable to find the information you need from the Australian bureau of statistics website, or require further statisticalRead MoreSwot Analysis Foxtel Introduction to Marketing1700 Words   |  7 Pagespositive and negative factors effecting the business, in present and in the future   ( Elliott, Rundle-Thiele, Waller, 2010).   The purpose of this essay is to develop a SWOT analysis for Foxtel, which is a pay-TV company that was first introduced to the Australian market in October of 1995 (Kim Williams 2009).   Foxtel is currently leading   the pay-TV industry   with 1.55 million direct subscribers as of December 31, 2010 (Jordan Chong, 2011). The SWOT analysis will be used as a tool to determine and identify

Value of Higher Education Free Essays

Abstract This paper shall argue that despite the costs of a higher education, a college or university education is of great value to every individual. Higher education prepares an individual for the working world through the imparting of specialized knowledge. A Higher education allows individuals to earn more at the end of their degrees, making up for the cost incurred during the pursuit of the degree. We will write a custom essay sample on Value of Higher Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now College education helps to provide students with critical thinking and communication skills that lasts a lifetime. A higher education helps an individual grow as a person, by exposing them to a wealth of knowledge and resources. College education helps students establish interpersonal networks, which include peers as well as professionals. Higher education teaches students about discipline and hard work, as well as about success and challenges. This paper shall conclude by noting a number of things students can do to get more value from their college or university education and by outlining some of the ways I as a student wish to further my career in accounting by graduating from the University of Phoenix. The Value of a Higher Education Higher education requires a considerable investment of time and money, as wall as a considerable lifestyle change. Those entering college or a university must not only be willing to pay tuition cost and school fees, and study for many years to get a degree, they must also arrange the rest of their lives around classes, exams, semesters, and summer breaks. Given the gargantuan effort it requires to secure a higher education, some may reasonably question the value of a college degree. It is well known that many successful and affluent people in our society†¦ How to cite Value of Higher Education, Essay examples

Employee Motivation and Organizational Performance †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Employee Motivation and Organizational Performance. Answer: Introduction: In this section of the report, the focus will be on the impact of the change that is taking place within the organization. The organization that has been selected to this secondary research is the Anz Bank situated in New Zealand (Anz.co.nz, 2018). The headquarters of this organization is at Wellington. One of the most important things in this context is the organizational change for the bank that has been driving them. There is a big need for the organizational change in the organization (Anz.co.nz, 2018). Otherwise they will not be able to cope up with the changes that are taking place in this competitive business environment. One of the changes that is taking place highly in this organization is regarding the technology (Benn, Edwards Williams, 2014). The impact of technology is highly felt in this challenging business environment. The need for the organizations to implement the technological use has become very necessary (Fitzgerald et al., 2014). The company is going after implementing the digital services in their business operations in the full swing. The digital disruption services will have to be included in the organizations for the better performance of the employees. This will also be important for them to acknowledge the changes in their services. They intend to include the digital services because they want to stay ahead of their rivals in the banking industry (Anitha, 2014). The digital technology is taking over in the competitive business environment as this encourages the employees to work faster (Fitzgerald et al., 2014). All the employees of the bank are probably not familiar with the digital uses. They need to upgrade their skills and activities to match the capabilities of digital transformation. The banks always want to provide their customers with the best services so they want focus on the customer satisfaction specifically (McQuivey, 2013). In the last 12 months, Anz Bank is trying to implement these changes into their business operations (Benn, Edwards Williams, 2014). They also want to decrease the use of paper so they can save it for the environment. The online transaction facilities for the customers have also been opened by which they can transfer money and get the details of their accounts. When the customers face some problems they want them to be resolved at the first go. This will probably enhance the opportunities for the technological advancement (McQuivey, 2013) It is better to drop an email at the customer complaint box in their website rather to make a phone call at the midnight at the customer center. Thus they can expect quick resolutions to their problems. They can use the various schemes and offers for their customers that they can display on the various social media platforms (Simon, 2012). They have also appointed a new design officer who will look after all the issues in the technological sectors i ndeed. They can add new windows in their website for the problem solving of the customers. These things will surely help the bank to prosper in their industry. Force Field analysis is one of the most important tools for measuring the ways on how the organizations can implement the change in their business performance (Harrington, 2016). This is very useful for making the decisions in terms of the organizational benefits. The organizations will have to understand what are their driving forces in their desire their change. They have to consider the different barriers that stop the change to take place. If the drivers for the change are very much active this will be helpful for the organization to implement it. These two forces are very important for the organization to implement the decision for change in the operations of the business (Harrington, 2016). As the chosen organization for this paper, Anz bank is implementing the several changes from technological aspects; they will surely go on to consider all these issues. The following driving forces will help the organization to implement the desired change. The impact of technological changes in the organization will help the organization to provide their services to their customers in a faster and smoother way (Swanson Creed, 2014). The Anz bank will be able to entertain several customers in their operations at a single time because of the speed. This technological advancement is driving the customers to build the faith of the customers. The challenges and issues are constantly increasing in the business environment of the banking industry. All the banks are adopting the technological enhancement in their operations. This is why Anz bank must adopt this as well if they want to survive in this growing competition (Swanson Creed, 2014). As the employees will get the proper training on how they can use the technological tools, they will be able to work more effectively indeed (Dobre, 2013). They are craving for the new innovation techniques that will boost up their performance. This will also help them to get the competitive advantage over other competitors. The new policies regarding the innovation and technological advancement would be introduced in their operations. This is why it would be highly recommendable for them to adapt to these changes (Alfes et al., 2013). It has been found that the average age of the employees is between 30 to 40 years. This is why they are quite efficient in using laptops and computers and quite innovative in thinking qualities as well. They will be able to bring in the positive changes (Alfes et al., 2013). The customers could send more feedbacks to the Anz bank through emails and notifications through the mobile apps. The dynamic attitude of the employees will drive the positive technological changes. Restraining forces Some of the employees are not at all complaint with technological advancement and they are very slow in adapting to the changes. If some employees are not able to cope up with these changes this will hamper the production as well. The conservative policies of the Anz bank will restrain the change the policies as well. The entire power of the organization could become centralized and this could be problematic. If the entire process is automatic by the machines driven by technology this could result in loss of jobs for employees. The purpose of the quality management system of Anz bank is to improve the employee performance and thus making more profits. They want to provide the customers with the best quality services that they desire. They want to meet all the regulatory requirements of the customers. The aspect of improving the performance constantly would definitely help them to get the competitive advantage (Goetsch Davis, 2014). The staffs also expect the better facilities from the management. The higher management always tries to provide the customers with the best facilities. They will also provide the customers with the best facilities. They will meet all the legal requirement with the internal and external stakeholders. Anz Bank will also try to motivate their employees to perform better in many aspects (Goetsch Davis, 2014). They provide the inspiration to their employees in the best ways so they can collaborate during the time of working. They want to gain the organizational benefits so they shou ld try to make the employees understand their roles and responsibilities properly. The employees will have to improve their performance levels immensely so they can cope up with the challenges and issues faced by the company presently. The managers will have to understand the relative skills of the employees and thus they will have to assign the works to them. This is the way of getting the best results from the employees. They have to provide the services to the employees in an updated manner. They might offer their employees with better range of wages that will be according to the industry standards (Certo, 2015). The employees will also have to take part actively in the change regarding the technological innovation. They should focus on providing their employees with the unique working environment that should cater to the needs of the stakeholders. Thus the inclusion of the new things would bring the best results for the Anz bank. The employees will also want to perform better and communicate with their customers. From the technological change aspects it can be said that the employees should want the proper feedback from the clients and they should ask the customers to suggest the ways by which new changes could take place within the organization (Certo, 2015). The managers and the employees at different levels and departments should collaborate with each other. The organization Anz Bank should co-operate with their employees from various angles. They will need to know what drives the changes positively. They can expect for the positive impacts on the company. They can serve their customers very fast. However, they should keep in mind that their efforts should yield good results only if they can attend to the problems faced by their customers. References Alfes, K., Shantz, A. D., Truss, C., Soane, E. C. (2013). The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), 330-351. Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International journal of productivity and performance management,63(3), 308. Anz.co.nz (2018).ANZ Bank New Zealand Ltd | Online Banking | ANZ. [online] Anz.co.nz. Available at: https://www.anz.co.nz/personal/ [Accessed 31 Mar. 2018]. Benn, S., Edwards, M., Williams, T. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Certo, S. (2015).Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Dobre, O. I. (2013). Employee motivation and organizational performance.Tabel of Contents. Fitzgerald, M., Kruschwitz, N., Bonnet, D., Welch, M. (2014). Embracing digital technology: A new strategic imperative.MIT sloan management review,55(2), 1. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Harrington, H. J. (2016). Force Field Analysis. InThe Innovation Tools Handbook, Volume 2(pp. 129-138). Productivity Press. McQuivey, J. (2013). Digital disruption: Unleashing the next wave of innovation. Simon, B. M. (2012). The Implications of Technological Advancement for Obviousness. Swanson, D. J., Creed, A. S. (2014). Sharpening the focus of force field analysis.Journal of change management,14(1), 28-47.

Challenges in the Security and Privacy in the IoT Domain - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Challenges in the Security and Privacy in the IoT Domain. Answer: The primary purpose of the report is to discuss about a brief of the various challenges related to the security and confidentiality in the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT has been influencing various organizations as it has the potential to change the lives of the people and the various processes in the business systems. With the rapid growth in the number of devices that are connecting with the help of Internet, they have also presented a number of challenges to the security of the IoT systems. The IoT systems have to recognize the security standards of the devices that are connected with the environment and thus develop standards and policies, which can form a secure and standard platform. The sensors that are present in the network framework of IoT generally lack the basic competencies, which are required in order to encrypt and decrypt the vital data. Since the process of encryption is a bit low, hence the sensors are sometimes unable to transfer the data in a real time environment with the help of the process of direct encryption. As a result of a low standard of data encryption, many of the IoT devices are sometimes susceptible to side-channel attacks. For example, an attack due to a power analysis could be used to reverse the performance of an algorithm. This would directly exploit the loopholes in the algorithm. This report focusses on the limited capabilities of encryption technology within the systems of IoT and thus discuss various networks and firewall systems, which should be used in order to prevent the IoT systems against such attacks. Bibliography Bertino, E., 2016, March. Data Security and Privacy in the IoT. InEDBT(Vol. 2016, pp. 1-3). Sicari, S., Rizzardi, A., Grieco, L.A. and Coen-Porisini, A., 2015. Security, privacy and trust in Internet of Things: The road ahead.Computer networks,76, pp.146-164.

Bursary Application Essay Sample

Bursary Application Essay SampleThe Bursary Application Essay can be the ideal means of earning a college scholarship. By way of an essay, you can let the admissions officers know that you have done a lot of studying and that you know a great deal about your preferred field. You can also mention your great love for the country or your desire to serve and be useful to your community in the country's future.It is important to remember that this kind of admission essay is for college entrance examinations. You will also need to prepare a very thorough essay in your own free time and not at the last minute when you are facing the pressure of a deadline. It will then help you better understand the concept of English grammar. You can also look up for a specialized Bursary Application Essay Sample.To complete your essay in the shortest time possible, use a preparation paper. Use the research paper and base your essay on this.With the completion of the Bursary Application Essay, it becomes i mperative that you submit your essays to the English sections of several websites. Before you submit your essay to the various websites, make sure that you have all the necessary information to get the essay approved.Always do not submit your essay to the same website each time. At the very least, choose one site that has the highest number of comments as well as other feedback regarding your essay. In addition, you can also submit your essay to other websites which are popular with prospective students, especially those that have something to do with scholarships.You should now have a great number of essays submitted to you. You can pick up one or two to further edit them. They can be edited further for corrections, clarifications, and so on.For a Bursary Application Essay Sample, you need to be creative and resourceful enough to think of a list of schools and institutions that might qualify for your own. So, make sure that you are looking up for a method that will make your work a little easier.

Media Influence on Society (Smoking) Essay Example

Media Influence on Society (Smoking) Essay The mass media, some may argue that It Is for the common good, others say It Is all brainwash hyped up by publicity, who is the one at fault, or can they both be correct? Throughout the decades the media has grown exponentially with the advance of technology. It all started out with the telegraph, moved to the radio, newspapers, magazines, television and now the World Wide Web. Today people live in a social community, between testing, Faceable, Twitter, TV, Magazines, or newspapers, people are always being informed of what is going on. Oh a day to day axis, people base their decisions off of knowledge, experience, values, and attitudes. When people work, they base what they do off of what they have learned from their experience and studies. However in their daily lives, they rely on the mass media to fill them in with current news and what they want to be aware of. People put their trust into todays media, but the media does have a positive and negative affect on the way people are channeling the Information being dealt. A way that the mass media Is positive has to be looked at from a technologies way of view. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Influence on Society (Smoking) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Media Influence on Society (Smoking) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Media Influence on Society (Smoking) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Technology helps reduce the distance for its users; the world would Just me to be smaller due to the increased communication and access information. Staying connected also helps people stay In tuned with that Is going on In the world. Getting news feed sent directly to smartness, laptops, and Pads Is Just an everyday occurrence. Cinema, radio, television, magazines are a school of inattention: people look without seeing, listen in without hearing (Robert Browser). Even Browser would have to agree that people do not even realize that they are being flooded by the mass media. The mass media makes billions on the commercials, ads, and publicity that people are exposed to. People buy what they might think is a good item based on what they see or hear TV, the radio, magazine, or newspaper ads. How can people be so sure that what they are buying Is the best available Item, or Is It the best available Item that the media dons upon them? These are the effect that the media has on teens, they buy what they see the hottest celebrities wearing, or what their favorite actor or singer is selling. Apparently there are some positive and negative influences on teens. In a negative type of way, teens may see the commercials for cigarettes, cigars, and alcohol as being cool and acceptable. This might give them an excuse to give drugs a try and might even leave a permanent habit that they can carry onto their children. Besides the obvious fact of tobacco and alcoholic products being a negative Influence on teens, fast food chains are also polluting the minds of the young, developing teens. McDonalds showing their annual commercial for the Micro, or Taco Bell advertising their value menu will call out to kids seeing that these foods are cheap and delicious but not knowing that they are filled with saturated fats, trans fats, and high sodium content may lead to obesity, high blood pressure, high holster, or diabetes If eaten excessively. Joe Kelly from PBS says, Theyre talking to pre-pubescent girls about managing their calorie intake!! With Campbell soup, of all things an All-American family company. This is crazy! I saw the ad on the Rosier ODonnell snow. Overall AT our memoirs saw It Ana sent me e-mails saying, Have you seen this ad, its crazy (Kelly). Along with obesity, society puts this image in teens heads on how they should look, having bulging biceps and a cut 6-pack maybe the ideal body for guys but it may not work out for all males, and achieving that type of body takes a lot or training and dedication. Being stick thin as a girl may also be as unhealthy or ma ybe even unhealthier than obesity. Anorexia is also a chance when young girls are starving themselves trying to fit into a 00, and looking like a Victorians Secret model. On the other hand the media does have a positive effect on teens. Some might think that the media has negative influences on society, there are certain shows and ads that persuade teens to be a better them. Today we are beginning to notice that the new media are not Just mechanical gimmicks for creating worlds of illusion, but new languages with new and unique powers of expression Marshall Mclean). When Mclean says this, he is acknowledging that the media has an influence in society by changing society for the greater good and potentially evolving humans to be smarter. When it comes to shows like The Biggest Loser or Extreme Home Makeover, they provide a great influence on kids to get out there and make a change, whether it is losing some excess weight to get down to a healthy more comfortable size that they are not so self-conscious about, or doing some volunteer work in their community to change someone elses life in a positive way. Also teens are at a stage in their life where they do not quite know who they are and area looking for a sign of acceptance. They want to be accepted by their parents, role models, peers, and they Just want to be loved and successful. The media creates this ideal image that teens want to match, kids see fancy cars, nice houses, and extravagant parties and the only thing on their mind is, l want to be Just like them, or l wish I had that kind of money. In a way, the media pushes kids to achieve success, by getting a better education and really trying in school to be that lawyer, or hat film director, or that brain surgeon. In my opinion, even though the media has positive influences on our society it is masked by the mass majority of negativity. Some young minds are intellectual enough to see around the publicity and propaganda, but to others that are brainwashed, it may be hard to see what is real and what the media wants to be seen as real. When William Branch said, All of us who professionally use the mass media are the shapers of society. We can vulgarize that society. We can brutalize it. Or we can help lift it onto a higher level (William Branch). He is stating that people can either take the media for being good or bad, and how people interpret that and use it in their everyday life is all on them. When it comes down to reality shows like Laguna Beach, Gossip Girls, or The Hills; the mass media puts off teenage life as being this rich and spoiled but when in reality, these kids are Just one in a million that have overly wealthy parents. These shows teach kids the value of quality over quantity, but not in any kind of realistic way. When kids watch these shows, they want what all the kids have on TV, they want the $140 pair of Arabian sunglasses, rather than the $6. 99 pair they can pick at Target across the street. Another value that kids are learning from the media is violence. The effects of violence in the media can be traumatic for growing children that are in the process of shaping their personality traits, values, and beliefs. In the past years, there have been incidents of school shootings and playground violence and those events have Eden lanker to excessive use AT violent peeve games Ana grapnel war Images. I neuron video games like Call of Duty, kids are thinking that war is a form of entertainment, UT in reality war is a serious issue that should not be taken lightly. Over all, whether some may think that the mass media may either be a good thing or bad influence, the public can come to a mutual agreement that the world would not be the same without the mass media. People use the media on a daily basis, keeping in tune to what is going on is important, whether it is something less important like what Lad Gaga wore to the Grammas, to the latest earthquake that struck California. Malcolm X once said, The medias the most powerful entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and thats power. Because they control the minds of the masses (Malcolm X). Even though the mass media is linked to spreading hyped up fake news like a wildfire, but on the safe side, it helps a lot to inform people about the realities as well. Media has a constructive role to play for the society. The media focuses on social issues in almost every era. Issues in society are always raised in order to provide Justice to the people. Being born and raised in LA and having an older sister that I was pretty much attached to the hip at, I felt like I was always into self-image and always wanting the est. of the best things. I was spoiled as a kid and into my preteen age by my sister, she always seemed to buy me brand named clothing when honestly, I Just wanted something comfortable. I think the psychology term of Nature vs.. Nurture really came into play here. The whole idea of Nature vs.. Nurture is that we are all born with a set personality, this is who we are and this will never really change, that is our nature side. Our nurture side is how we were raised, the different things that our parents tell us to do or not to do mold our nature side and ultimately makes us who we are today. I think my nature was really about sports and I was nurtured into fashion and other material goods. I feel like the media has had an exponential influence on my sister, who was my role model growing up, and that really made me who I am today. Like I said before, I am no better than anyone else, I look up to the media for guidance because I feel like I would be lost without it, but I think it is good that I can admit up to that and can see clearly how the mass media influences me. The wrong is the fact that society today believes that whatever is in the media is socially acceptable to the common populous. When these beliefs revolve around bad influential things then children grow up believing that these are all acceptable and just the way the world really is. It is harmful for the future of our societies and also spread ignorance around the world. We have to realize that although sex, pain and suffering makes for a good story, it should be taken as it is, very bad, and not be glorified in any way. There should be limitations to freedom of speech as some things people can get away with are utterly disgusting. Look at Camel cigarettes, the image here is their Marci Grass Limited Edition flavored packs.

Biography of Dido Elizabeth Belle, English Aristocrat

Biography of Dido Elizabeth Belle, English Aristocrat Dido Elizabeth Belle (c. 1761–July 1804) was a British aristocrat of mixed heritage. She was born into slavery in the British West Indies, the daughter of an African slave and British military officer Sir John Lindsay. In 1765, Lindsay moved with Belle to England, where she lived with royals and eventually became a wealthy heiress; her life was the subject of the 2013 film Belle. Fast Facts: Dido Elizabeth Belle Known For: Belle was a mixed-race English aristocrat who was born into slavery and died a wealthy heiress.Born: c. 1761 in the British West IndiesParents: Sir John Lindsay and Maria BelleDied: July 1804 in London, EnglandSpouse: John Davinier (m.  1793)Children: John, Charles, William Early Life Dido Elizabeth Belle was born in the British West Indies around 1761. Her father Sir John Lindsay was a British nobleman and navy captain, and her mother Maria Belle was an African woman that Lindsay is thought to have found on a Spanish ship in the Caribbean (little else is known about her). Her parents were not married. Dido was named after her mother, her great-uncle’s first wife, Elizabeth, and for Dido the Queen of Carthage. â€Å"Dido† was the name of a popular 18th-century play, William Murray, a descendant of Dido’s great-uncle, later said. â€Å"It was probably chosen to suggest her elevated status,† he said. â€Å"It says: ‘This girl is precious, treat her with respect.’† A New Beginning At about the age of 6, Dido parted ways with her mother and was sent to live with her great-uncle William Murray, Earl of Mansfield, and his wife in England. The couple was childless and already raising another great-niece, Lady Elizabeth Murray, whose mother had died. It’s unknown how Dido felt about the separation from her mother, but the split resulted in the mixed-race child being raised as an aristocrat rather than a  slave (she did, however, remain the property of Lord Mansfield). Dido grew up at Kenwood, a royal estate outside of London, and was allowed to receive a royal education. She even served as the earl’s legal secretary, assisting him with his correspondence (an unusual responsibility for a woman at the time). Misan Sagay, who wrote the screenplay for the film â€Å"Belle,† said that the earl appeared to treat Dido nearly equally to her completely European cousin. The family purchased the same luxurious items for Dido that they did for Elizabeth. Quite often if they were buying, say, silk bed hangings, they were buying for two, Sagay said. She believes that the earl and Dido were very close, as he wrote about her with affection in his diaries. Friends of the family- including Thomas Hutchinson, the governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay- also noted the close relationship between Dido and the earl. Scottish philosopher James Beattie noted her intelligence, describing Dido as a negro girl about 10 years old, who had been six years in England, and not only spoke with the articulation and accent of a native, but repeated some pieces of poetry, with a degree of elegance, which would have been admired in any English child of her years. Life at Kenwood A 1779 painting of Dido and her cousin Elizabeth- which now hangs in Scotland’s Scone Palace- shows that Dido’s skin color did not give her inferior status at Kenwood. In the painting, both she and her cousin are dressed in finery. Also, Dido is not positioned in a submissive pose, as blacks typically were in paintings during that time period. This portrait- the work of Scottish painter David Martin- is largely responsible for generating public interest in Dido over the years, as is the notion, which remains in dispute, that she influenced her uncle, who served as Lord Chief Justice, to make legal decisions that led to slavery in England being abolished. The one indication that Dido’s skin color did result in her being treated differently at Kenwood is that she was forbidden to take part in formal dinners with her family members. Instead, she had to join them after such meals concluded. Francis Hutchinson, an American visitor to Kenwood, described this phenomenon in a letter. A black came in after dinner and sat with the ladies and, after coffee, walked with the company in the gardens, one of the young ladies having her arm within the other,† Hutchinson wrote. â€Å"He [the earl] calls her Dido, which I suppose is all the name she has.† Inheritance Although Dido was slighted during meals, William Murray cared enough about her to want her to live autonomously after his death. He left her a large inheritance and granted Dido her freedom when he died at the age of 88 in 1793. Death After her great-uncle’s death, Dido married Frenchman John Davinier  and bore him three sons. She died in July 1804 at age 43. Dido was buried in the cemetery at St. Georges Fields, Westminster. Legacy Much of Didos unusual life remains a mystery. It was David Martins portrait of her and her cousin Elizabeth that initially stirred so much interest in her. The painting inspired the 2013 film Belle, a speculative work about the aristocrats unique life. Other works about Dido include the plays Let Justice Be Done and An African Cargo; the musical Fern Meets Dido; and the novels Family Likeness and Belle: The True Story of Dido Belle. The absence of recorded information about Didos life has made her an enigmatic figure and the source of endless speculation. Some historians believe she may have influenced her uncle in making his historic anti-slavery rulings as Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales. Sources Bindman, David, et al. The Image of the Black in Western Art. Belknap Press, 2014.Jeffries, Stuart. â€Å"Dido Belle: the Artworld Enigma Who Inspired a Movie.† The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 27 May 2014.Poser, Norman S. Lord Mansfield: Justice in the Age of Reason. McGill-Queens University Press, 2015.

Patient narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Patient narrative - Essay Example However, some exceptional charges are levied on optical services, dental services, and prescriptions. Services offered by this health organization includes; pathological services, emergency and urgent care, hospital services, dental services, GP services, pharmacy services, eye care services, sexual health services, mental health services, and social care services. In the United Kingdom, the infant mortality rate has reduced significantly; and the life expectancy levels have continuously risen (Baille, 2008); this has been noticed since the establishment of the NHS. Health surveys, most importantly, illustrate that patients are usually satisfied with services received from the National Health Services. Patient satisfaction is directly determined by the patient’s experience when dealing with the health services provider. This interaction is perceived in patient’s conscious and also subconscious mind. Patient experience is mainly about three main issues; delivery of the organization as a whole in the healthcare, the emotional and rational experience during the service delivery, and the intuitive perceptions of patients (Tschudin, 2003). Therapeutic effect involves the consequences of any medical treatment. The results of the therapeutic effect are usually seen to be beneficial and also desirable to the patient. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) code of conduct; is responsible for ensuring acceptable performance, ethics and conduct; for professional nurses and midwives. Nursing is a profession found in the health care sector. It deals with care on people, families and communities; so as to maintain, recover or attain quality health and quality life. Nurses are responsible for developing plans for health care, working in teams with therapists, physicians, the patient’s family, the patient, and other staffs in the team (Chin, 2008). The healthcare plan leads to treating of illness, so as

Investment & Retirement Account Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Investment & Retirement Account - Research Paper Example Bonds are usually risk free and they are the best investment for retirement purposes. That will ensure that an investor gets assured returns at the end of the year. The use of options is highly risky. However, if the gains are positive, the returns will be high. The other advantage of options is the fact that the returns are usually frequent. In the case of a person wanting to retire, he/she will be assuring of frequent returns that will be used for survival purposes. Stocks are advantageous because they are a source of accumulating wealth and frequent dividends. The difference between traditional IRA’s and Roth is mainly on the payment of taxes for the deposits. In the case of the traditional IRA, taxes are paid at the end when a person is withdrawing the retirement money. There are some instances when a person can escape taxes in the front end in a case whereby money is put in the account. In the case off Roth IRA, it is the opposite of that. Taxes are usually paid in the front end and there are no extra taxes at the back end. For both accounts, money usually grows tax free while in the account. The other difference is on the contribution differences. For traditional IRA, anyone who has an earned income can contribute. However, for Roth IRA, there are income limits

Aerodynamic Development Of Land Speed Record Car Engineering Essay

Aerodynamic Development Of Land Speed Record Car Engineering Essay This project is focused on the baseline aerodynamic analyses and optimisation of a Land Speed Record vehicle in terms of performance of drag and aerodynamic stability, and thereby, speed the vehicle can attain. The vehicle `Stay Gold shown below belongs to the David Tremayne, a Formula One journalist. It is his plan to break the current British Land Speed Record by achieving a speed of about 350 m/s. A photograph of the vehicle in its current form can be seen below. C:UsersCecilDesktopDSC07489.JPG Figure 1, (20)- Photograph of the Land Speed Record vehicle in its current form. In aerodynamic analyses, the prohibitive costs of conventional wind testing along with the advent of computing power, characterised by its decreasing cost has brought the applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to the fore front of research and industrial applications, (2). The complications of actual wind tunnel testing ranging from differences in boundary conditions to the scale and mounting of the object is covered well in existing literature, (1). CFD is a method for analysing complex fluid flow problems using numerical methods to solve the Navier-Stokes governing equations. This report begins with the study of high speed vehicle aerodynamics to understand the important physical phenomena taking place, i.e. Air flows linked with different parts of the vehicle. CFD has been established as a proven tool used to perform baseline simulations with different turbulence models, boundary conditions and grids. Consequently, the influence of compressibility by running cases with progressively faster operating speeds up to Mach 0.5 and the effects of varying the geometry of nose and body of the vehicle using low-drag fairings are studied. Literature Review: High Speed Vehicle Aerodynamics: Aerodynamics is the study of various forces when a body is in motion. As we know, any vehicle moving through a fluid experiences forces induced by the fluid on it. When a vehicle moves forward it displaces the static air in front of it and hence disrupts the air flow around the body. These induced fluid forces can be characterised into three main forces which can be represented on a Cartesian coordinate system as shown in the figure below, (19). Figure 2, (19)- Forces acting on a vehicle represented on Cartesian coordinate system The vertical force along the Z axis is called lift. In this context, the vertical force is usually pushing the car towards the ground. Lift force then would be negative. Instead, the term downforce will be used, which is the positive vertical force towards the ground. The horizontal force moving in the opposite direction as the vehicle along the X axis is called drag force. Drag force is created by the vehicles resistance to motion moving through the air. . Drag will always be negative with this axis system, although in the results it will be displayed as positive, (19). The horizontal lateral force along the Y axis is called side force which occurs due to strong cross winds or by vehicles being in proximity to each other. The magnitude of these forces depends on various factors like the geometry speed of the vehicle, mass of the fluid, viscosity compressibility. These three forces are the basic aerodynamic forces that act on a moving solid body. We concentrate on the reducing the drag force alone to achieve higher speeds. Aerodynamic Flows: There are various kinds of aerodynamic flows considered important in a vehicle ranging from flows associated with the external shape of the vehicle to the flows existing in the lubrication and cooling systems of the vehicle which are called external and internal flows respectively, (3). C:UsersCecilDesktopUntitled.jpg Figure 3, (4) Attached flows and separated flows over a body. The streamlines are the curves associated with a pictorial description of a fluid motion, in this case air particles move along the streamlines, (4). Using this definition we can differentiate the flows. When the streamlines near the solid surface follow the shape of the body, the flow is considered to be attached and if the flow does not follow the shape of the body, the flow is considered to be separated, (4). As seen from the figure above, separated flows leave behind trailing vortices which result in an unsteady wake flow which can be seen in the figure below. C:UsersCecilDesktop1-s2_0-S0167610501001611-gr11.gif Figure 4, (5) Trailing vortices in the wake of a conventional fastback car It is also important for Race Car engineers to know whether the flow is laminar or turbulent since features such as flow separation and vehicle drag can change dramatically within these two flows, (4). When a body travels in an undisturbed environment, the flow can be considered laminar. Conditions such as winds or the motion of other vehicles directly affects the flow causing turbulence. Turbulence is a chaotic and random state of motion develops in which the velocity and pressure change continuously with time, [22]. Characteristic of Aerodynamic flows: External Automotive flows can be characterised as those involving excessive flow separation, transitional flows, strong cross flows and streamline curvature with a turbulent wake interacting with the ground boundary layers, (5). The prevailing areas where the separation of air flow takes place are the front and rear windshields. This separation of air flow leads to change in pressure over the surface of the vehicle which constitutes the aerodynamic drag of the vehicle. Pockets of high and low velocities are created around the vehicle because of this separation. The variation of pressure over a vehicle is shown in the figure below and is measured by a coefficient of pressure, denoted by Cp. According to Bernoullis equation, the low pressure region denotes high velocity and high pressure region denotes low velocity. Cp is given by the ratio of the difference in pressure on any point of the vehicle to the dynamic pressure. C:UsersCecilDesktop109741_3mg.jpg Figure 5, (4) Variation of pressure over a vehicle Boundary Layer: The layer between the vehicle and the moving air where the fluid flow is stagnant or less is called the boundary layer and is a significant aspect at high speeds. When the body is in motion, a relative velocity is created between the vehicle and the air around it due to the fluid viscosity. Boundary layers may be either laminar or turbulent depending on the value of the Reynolds number. For lower Reynolds numbers, the boundary layer is laminar and the velocity changes uniformly as one moves away from the wall and for higher Reynolds numbers, the boundary layer is turbulent and the velocity is characterized by unsteady (changing with time) swirling flows inside the boundary layer, (7). In real environment it is inevitable that the boundary layer detaches from the solid body which results in a large increase in the drag on the body. So at high speeds, it is important to maintain an attached and laminar boundary layer with a streamlined shape (4). C:UsersCecilDesktopboundlay.gif Figure 6, (7) Boundary layer on a surface of a vehicle Compressibility effects: Compressibility is the measure of change in volume of the air relative to the speed. We are dealing with subsonic speeds (less than Mach 1) where the air acts as if its an incompressible fluid meaning the density will remain constant though the velocity and pressure are variable, (6). By Bernoullis principle when air enters a body or part of the vehicle, air must travel faster to get to the other side as the bypass air varying the pressure and velocity. The velocity and pressure return to their original form at the outlet. Importance of the speed of sound: Sound is the pressure disturbances radiating in all directions from the vehicle. In subsonic flight sound waves radiate from all points on the vehicle and can travel faster than the vehicle itself as shown on the figure on the left. C:UsersCecilDesktopasw.png Figure 6, (6) Propagation of sound waves in subsonic and supersonic speedsC:UsersCecilDesktopas.png As the vehicle travels at higher speeds, these sound waves pile up at the nose of the aerofoil and create shock waves as shown in the figure on the right. These shock waves are created due to change in pressure velocity of air flow and these waves cannot get ahead the originating point at the speed of sound. There are different kinds of shock waves which are discussed below. Oblique Shock waves are formed on sharp edges of the body with the air surface changing in the direction of air flow, basically on leading and trailing edges of the airfoil, (6). Normal shock waves are formed in front of a blunt body or on the body itself. The molecules pile up at the front and form a detached wave called the `bow wave, (6). Expansion shock waves are formed in the regions of separation on the body or airfoil. Shock waves are very important in high speed aerodynamics as it affects the change in direction of the fluid flow and are relatively negligible in subsonic flows. Relevance of Aerodynamic Drag: In aerodynamics, drag is defined as the force that opposes forward motion of the vehicle through the atmosphere and is parallel in the direction of free stream velocity of the air flow which can be overcome by thrust in order to achieve forward motion, (8). Generally in racing it is important to have to downforce to keep the vehicle stable on the ground. When going at speeds over 100 mph, the real drag is experienced. The aerodynamic drag is denoted by Cd and is given by the formula, Cd= Drag force/ (Dynamic pressure*Area) A body moving through a fluid experiences drag which can be divided into two components, frictional or viscous drag and pressure drag, (11). Frictional Drag is developed due to friction of fluid and the surface it is flowing on, commonly associated with development of boundary layers, (11). Pressure drag is formed from the eddying (turbulent) motions set up by the fluid as it passes over the body which is associated with the formation of wake behind the vehicle. Hence the geometry of nose and body shape plays an important role in reducing drag on vehicle, (12). The figure below shows the driving force required to propel the vehicle forward at a constant speed as a function of the aerodynamic drag. We can see that the aerodynamic drag increases proportional to the square of speed. C:UsersCecilDesktopUntitled.png Figure 7, (11) Driving Speed Vs Vehicle Speed It is also established that the drag prediction over the front of the vehicle, especially involving attached boundary layers and, subsonic flow is far easier and more accurate than the analysis of the rear of the vehicle, (11). Review of existing research, (13): Extensive research has been made in this area with detailed experimentation on the widely known Ahmed model, (12). The Ahmed model is a simple geometric body that retains the main flow features, especially the vortex wake flow where most of the drag is concentrated. This model is used as a reference model to compare our results with. An illustration of this model is shown in the figure below. C:UsersCecilDesktopUntitled.png Figure 8 Left: Geometric dimensions of an Ahmed model, Right: Computational domain The Ahmed reference model is a general car type bluff body shape which is enough for accurate for flow simulations. boundary conditions used for this problem are uniform flow at the inlet no slip on the surface of the body and a non-structural tetrahedral grid approach is applied to this geometry at Re= 4.25106, (13) . This flow was solved using incompressible Navier-Stokes formulations and the drag and pressure were measured. From the figure below, it is observed that the total pressure drag is minimal at the front portion and is high the rear slanted portion of the body. Subsonic interactions are fairly weak as the length of the body is long. C:UsersCecilDesktopUntitled.pngC:UsersCecilDesktopUntitled.png Figure 9A,(13) Contour fill field pressure Figure 9B, (13) Contour fill field velocity And as for the pressure measurements, the presence of vortices at side edges of the slant surface appears to be two dimensional with parallel isobars running over the surface C:UsersCecilDesktopUntitled.pngC:UsersCecilDesktop2.png Figure 10A Flow behind the rear side of the body, Figure 10B Streamlines in the wake Turbulent flows are completely three dimensional and unsteady. Using a time average flow, some sort of macrostructure appears to govern the pressure drag on rear end. Figure 10A shows the different wakes created due to different shapes and edges and Figure 10B shows the streamlines in wake structure. Land Speed Record (LSR) Racing: Ever since the inception of automobiles, there has always been an inherent drive to push the automobile to its limits in terms of performance and speed. Land Speed Record is highest speed achieved by an automobile on land. There are different classes and organisations with respect to the configurations of the vehicle, operating speeds and environment. The current vehicle belongs to the unlimited class, which is a special class for thrust powered vehicles which may be propelled using turbo jet engines and without any limitations over wheeled power, (14). Existing research: The closest vehicle comparable to Stay Gold LSR is the JCB dieselmax (shown below) which holds the land speed record for a diesel-powered vehicle having been driven to over 350mph breaking the world record at the Bonneville Salt Flats. The aerodynamics of the car was designed entirely using ANSYS Fluent by aerodynamicist Ron Ayers whose goal was to achieve an optimal balance between aerodynamic drag, skin force and downforce, (15). It has been observed that the Cd of the vehicle was 0.17. After running a number of simulations, it is shown that higher downforce generated by the wings increases the drag on the vehicle drastically, (16). C:UsersCecilPicturesjcb_dieselmax.jpg Figure 11, (17) Picture of a JCB dieselmax streamliner Another example is the Buckeye Bullet 3 (BB 3), which operates on a battery. This vehicle was developed using an alternate aerodynamic method. In order to test the body shape and geometry a new wind tunnel model was constructed though it is time consuming and costly. The vehicles frontal area was significantly reduced allowing the driver to be placed at an inclined position keep safety in mind, (18) though the driver in middle (DIM) configuration used in BB1 BB 2 has better performance compared to the former. BB 3 also achieves more stability because it maintains negative pitch over higher speeds ensuring the normal loads on the tyres are not reducing, improving traction and yaw stability, (18). BB 3 had a 17 % reduce in the Cd compared to its predecessors. C:UsersCecilPicturesBuckeye-Bullet-3-thumb-450255.jpg Figure 12, (18) Photograph of a Buckeye Bullet 3 at the Bonneville Salt Flats Computational Fluid Dynamics: Introduction: Computational fluid dynamics or CFD is the analysis of systems involving fluid flow, heat transfer and associated chemical reactions by means of computer based simulation, [21]. CFD is used in wide range of industries. CFd contains a set of codes structured around the Navier-Stokes Equations (NSE) that are used to solve fluid flow problems. NSE are the governing equations of Fluid dynamics which are shown below. C:UsersCecilPicturesnseqs.gif Figure 16, [22] Navier-Stokes equations of three dimensional fluid flows The NSE consists of time-dependant continuity equation for conservation of mass, time dependant conservation of momentum equations and conservation of energy equations, [22]. The integral forms of these equations are solved using Finite Volume Method (FVM) which is the discretisation method ANSYS Fluent uses. Discretisation is a method of converting higher order integral equations into a system of algebraic equations. These set of algebraic equations are later solved by an iterative method, [23]. As mentioned earlier, at higher Reynolds numbers flows are observed to become turbulent. We used turbulence models in CFD to approximately model the turbulence in real time environment and results obtained are deemed near accurate. All codes in CFD contain 3 main elements: 1.) A pre-processor, 2.) A solver, 3.) A post processor, [22]. Pre-processing: The activities involved in this stage are Definition of geometry in the computational domain Grid generation discretising the domain into smaller cells ( grid or mesh) Define fluid properties and specify the appropriate boundary conditions Solving: There are different techniques to solve numerical equations. CFD uses finite volume method which is the most established method in different softwares. The steps involved in this stage are Integration of NSE over control volumes of the domain Discretisation of resulting integral equations into a set of algebraic equations Solution of the algebraic equations using an iterative method Post-processing: A large amount of work has been put into CFD packages to visualize the data with outstanding graphics due to the increasing demand in the engineering field. Some of the most popular data visualisation tools are Domain geometry and grid display 2D and 3D surface and vector plots Streamlined and shaded contour plot At present, almost all Formula 1 teams use CFD to constantly optimise the aerodynamics of their cars for better performances in a race. The bottleneck of CFD was quick and efficient construction of a functional grid which has become more user friendly in modern times which makes it easy for meshing, [22]. Conclusions: Aerodynamics CFD play a key role in the optimisation of a Land Speed Record vehicle. The geometry, powerplant, wheel configurations and vehicle dynamics are important parameters in achieving reduced drag. Open wheel configurations cause more overall drag on the vehicle. Also the tyres effective radius changes with speed and is necessary to test the relationship between the vehicle speed and tyres geometric configuration due to constant downforce exerted on the vehicle by the wings. This was the case revealed in the JCB streamliner. Project Plan: Study Vehicle Aerodynamics Understand the various aerodynamic flows involved in a vehicle. Get a good grip on High Speed Aerodynamics. Read about Importance of the speed of sound in achieving high speeds and influence of compressibility. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Reading on the background of CFD and understand how Navier-Stokes equations are derived, Numerical discretisation of equations using Taylor series. Understand turbulence modelling, grid sensitivity and boundary conditions relevant to the problem. CFD Tutorials Tutorial 1 Create basic geometry for backward facing step (2D). Tutorial 2 Create basic geometry for lid driven cavity (2D). Tutorial 3 Create 3D model of cylindrical body with a rectangular grid and run simulations. Gantt chart: C:UsersCecilDownloadsAerodynamic Development of LSR (1).png Progress to date: With the help of Dr. Carl Gilkesons CFD tutorials, creating meshes of basic geometrical shapes and running simulation on them was possible. The first tutorial involves creating the geometry in Design Modeller for lid driven cavity. The mesh was created in ANSYS Mesh and running simulations with specified boundary conditions, velocity pressure was done in ANSYS Fluent. In the figure below, the mesh for the lid driven cavity is shown. C:UsersCecilDesktopCavity- Vel Contours.png Figure 13A Mesh for lid driven cavity Figure 13B Velocity contours on the top wall of the cavity C:UsersCecilDesktopCavity.png The mesh was solved for 1000 iterations and were run on the top wall with a transitional velocity of 1.4607e-03 (Re=100), ensuring the flow is laminar. The velocity contours are filled and can be seen in figure 13B.The second tutorial involves creating a backward facing step. This model is solved (1000 iterations) for turbulent conditions so a turbulence model (k-epsilon) was created and specified with an inlet velocity of 40m/s. Also this model is discretised to second order upwind for momentum, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation rate. The results are shown below. C:UsersCecilDesktopUntitled.png Figure 14A- Mesh for Back Facing Step Figure 14B- Velocity contours on the backstepC:UsersCecilDesktopMesh Backw step.png It is noted that the horizontal component of the velocity is negative behind the step as the flow reattaches after detaching due to high Reynolds number, [20]. 3D model of a cylinder: I:Ansys projectscylinder.jpg Figure 15A 15B(below) Mesh for 3D cylinder in a rectangular grid In the figure above, a cylindrical mesh in a rectangular grid was created in ANYSYS Mesh. A rectangular grid is created in the domain to solve finite volume system of equations and to get more accurate solutions. The model was solved for constant pressure at the inlet to get reversed flow on all faces using hybrid initialisation as seen below. I:Ansys projects12.jpg References [1] P.R. Spalart, Strategies for turbulence modelling and simulations, Boeing Commercial Planes(Feb 1999). [2] W.H.Hucho, Aerodynamics of Road vehicle 4th edition. [3] `New Directions in Race car aerodynamics, Joseph Katz. [4] Joseph Katz, `Race Car Aerodynamics, 2nd edition. [5] ] Ahmed, S. R. , Gawthorpe, R. G. and Mackrodt, P. -A.(1985) Aerodynamics of Road- and Rail Vehicles, Vehicle System Dynamics, 14: 4, 319-392 [6] `High Speed Aerodynamics, Seminar, Harry L Whitehead. [7] http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/classes/311/notes/fluids2/node11.htm [8] http://www.pilotfriend.com/training/flight_training/aero/drag.htm [9] http://www.princeton.edu/~asmits/Bicycle_web/blunt.html [10] Miles Jackson , B. Taylor Newill and Perry Carter ,Racecar Aerodynamic Optimization for an E-1 Class Streamliner Using Arbitrary Shape Deformation , SAE Technical paper 2007-01-3858. [11] Hiroyuki Ozawa, Dai Higashida,`Development of Aerodynamics of a Solar Race Car, Honda RD, 1998 SAE. [12] SiniÃ…Â ¡a Krajnovic, Lars Davidson, Flow Around a Simplified Car Part 1: Large Eddy Simulation, [13] `CFD Modelling of Flow around the Ahmed vehicle model, Gerardo Frank and Jorge DElia, Centro Internacional de Metodos Compucionales en Ingeneria. [14] http://www.landspeed.com/archive/classroom/classlsrbasics.html. [15]http://www.newmaterials.com/News_Detail_Aerodynamics_of_jcb_dieselmax_car_designed_entirely_with_cfd_code_fluent_9408.asp#axzz2H86gSGFW [16] `Aerodynamic Development of Buckeye Bullet Electric LSR, Carrington Bork, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio State University. [17] http://www.carsbase.com/photo/photo_full.php?id=45469 [18] www.buckeyebullet.com/BB3.html [19] `Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, Thomas D. Gillespie, Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. [20] CFD tutorials, Dr. Carl Gilkeson, University of Leeds. [21] http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/nseqs.html [22] `An Introduction to CFD, H K Versteeg and Malasekara, 2nd edition.